LHC optics commissioning: A journey towards 1% optics control

LHC optics commissioning: A journey towards 1% optics control

Since 2015 the LHC has been operating at 6.5 TeV. In 2016 the β-functions at the interaction points of ATLAS and CMS were squeezed to 0.4 m. This is below the design β 1⁄4 0.55 m at 7 TeV, and has been instrumental to surpass the design luminosity of 10 cm−2 s−1. Achieving a lower than nominal β has been possible thanks to the extraordinary performance of the LHC, in which the control of the op...

Hiding an elephant into a matchbox with transformation optics

Based on transformation optics‎, ‎we propose an illusion device that can make‎ ‎objects look much smaller and different than they actually are‎. ‎In particular‎, ‎the device has a capability to hide a large object (like an elephant) into a‎ ‎small one (like a matchbox)‎. ‎Compared to previous proposals for illusion‎ ‎devices‎, ‎there is no requirement for negative refractive index or for spee...

1 Invertebrate photoreceptor optics

Animals sustain their life by accumulating the necessary energy from their environment, requiring the continuous acquisition of information with their sensory systems. The prime sensory instrument of many animals is the visual system, with the photoreceptors in the retina as the main elements sampling the visual information. To gain insight into the spatial and spectral properties of the photor...

1 Fundamentals of Optics

In this chapter, we discuss some of the fundamentals of optics. We first cover the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum, which shows that the visible spectrum occupies just a very narrow portion of the entire EM spectrum. We then discuss geometrical optics and wave optics. In geometrical optics, we formulate the propagation of light rays in terms of matrices, whereas in wave optics we formulate wave p...

1 Tunable Micro - optics